The entries below are independent models and official resources. GVRP uses them as sources for learning and system design; citation does not mean endorsement, approval, sponsorship, affiliation, curriculum licensing, or partnership.
Independent model · Community violence
Group Violence Intervention and focused deterrence
What it contributes: local problem analysis; precise focus; a credible community moral voice; genuine offers of help; fair notice; narrowly coordinated accountability; fidelity and maintenance.
What GVRP is learning: serious violence requires defined partners with different roles, current local analysis, and implementation discipline—not a generic awareness campaign.
Limit: focused deterrence is rated promising overall, not universally effective. Outcomes vary with context, design quality, fidelity, and evaluation.
NNSC model overview →
OJP implementation guide →
NIJ CrimeSolutions profile →
Independent field · Public health
Community violence intervention
What it contributes: trusted relationships, conflict mediation, credible messengers, intensive engagement with people at highest risk, service connection, trauma support, professional supervision, and attention to neighborhood conditions.
What GVRP is learning: public education should help communities recognize when professionally operated street outreach or community intervention fits the actual violence pattern.
Limit: GVRP does not operate a violence-interruption team and must not represent itself as a Cure Violence program or another branded model.
CDC public-health strategy →
Cure Violence Global model →
Independent field · Health care
Hospital-based violence intervention
What it contributes: an acute-care moment as the doorway to trauma-informed engagement, safety planning, tailored services, mentoring, follow-up, and continuing support after discharge.
What GVRP is learning: a webpage can explain and map this lane, but the intervention itself requires clinical partners, trained staff, privacy governance, community continuity, and sustained case-management capacity.
Limit: GVRP is not an HVIP and does not receive patient information or make referrals on a hospital's behalf.
CDC hospital-based research summary →
Independent field · Targeted violence
Behavioral threat assessment and management
What it contributes: multidisciplinary teams, accessible institutional reporting, information from multiple sources, behavior understood in context, individualized support and management, defined emergency thresholds, and follow-through.
What GVRP is learning: public education can explain roles and safe routing, while assessment remains with qualified teams using lawful, fair, human judgment.
Limit: GVRP does not profile, investigate, diagnose, predict, assign danger scores, maintain watchlists, or assess a person of concern.
U.S. Secret Service NTAC guide →
FBI prevention guide →
Independent field · Upstream prevention
Protective conditions and connected communities
What it contributes: supportive adults, school connectedness, conflict-management skills, mentoring, trauma-informed support, after-school opportunity, safe environments, and multi-sector action on community conditions.
What GVRP is learning: prevention includes both immediate risk reduction and the slower work of strengthening protective conditions.
Limit: education or connectedness alone cannot be represented as sufficient to prevent community shootings or targeted attacks.
CDC youth-violence prevention →
CDC school connectedness →
Independent infrastructure · Crisis routing
911, 988, and verified institutional channels
What they contribute: distinct, qualified entry points for immediate physical danger, behavioral-health crisis, and school, workplace, platform, hospital, or community processes.
What GVRP is learning: clear public guidance must distinguish emergency response from crisis support and ordinary education.
Limit: GVRP is not an emergency service, crisis line, reporting portal, or substitute for an institution's official process.
911.gov guidance →
SAMHSA 988/911 fact sheet →